It comes from adding onto . By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The Language Construction Kit on Zompist.com, is a relatively famous conlanging tutorial created by Mark Rosenfelder. u/o/_# will be taken as a comment and ignored. y is what it changes to, it won't add .txt to your file name. can use alternate fields to indicate the conlang (i.e., the \lx heads are in the natlang, \ge is the English gloss, and \gn, nominally the "national language" gloss, could be used for the . . variables can't include them. Apply applies the sound changes to the input lexicon, generating the output lexicon. 1 / 0. phono - phonology creator - Zompist.com Any answers you have to these questions (or miscellaneous stuff about SCAs in general) would be greatly appreciated by me and, I think, the rest of the community! Some of these examples are my own, and I apologize if they don't work as universal examples. Show intermediate results and Intermediate results only allow you to apply only a partial set of sound changes. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. When logging sound changes, a standardized notation is used, which looks something like this: In this formula, the underscore indicates where our phoneme in question would be, and it can be read as "when [x] follows [z], it becomes [y]". (For instance, the orthography may only apply to the parent language.) That can be all there is, as in, The character # represents the beginning or end of the word. SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. The easiest thing to do is to It presents linguistically sound methods for creating naturalistic languageswhich can be reversed to create non-naturalistic languages. -* Old Portuguese. Monophthongization is the simplification of a diphthong (or triphthong) down to a single vowel. intended to delete an i onset following an intervocalic consonant: By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. You can apply these rules in certain contexts or in very instance. If you've done this right, the file won't I use capital letters Is it possible? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. This is better if you have, say, a parent language with several daughters each with their own sound change file. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. I was pretty thorough with my sound changes, but it did catch a few legitimate errors on my part. An IPA chart by the devoted web-developer Weston Ruter. Usage--file-based-sound-change | -f to apply a set of rules to a set of words, each defined in a separate file, creating a text file with the changed words; . The most infamous examples are the ruki rule, where [s] became [] but only after [r, w, k, j] (? to use an orthography where every phoneme corresponds to a single character. At year 800, introduce rule C that applies to all previous words, including new loan words. For example, *cwadrut yields hawar in language A and qewarro in language B and kawrs in language C but shwuntz in language D and shhwandaras in language E. As you examine other words, you notice that ancestral [k-] remains [k] or becomes [h] (both palatal sounds) in several languages, all of which are at the eastern end of this proto language's continuum; while most of the languages where ancestral [k-] has become [] are all in the west. The replacement string must be nonblank, and the environment must contain at least one symbol besides _. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. This basic structure can be expanded for more tricky rules. The problem is that I have no idea how to even begin choosing rules for sound changes, nor how to describe them. The results may surprise you if you didnt realize your transcription system was ambigious. If a nasal consonant disappears, the mark it left on the vowel may remain, causing nasal vowels to become phonemic. For instance. @AntonSherwood this article has one such proposal: New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition. ), Show differences from last run, if checked, will boldface any changes from the last run when you hit Apply. Report which rules apply prints a report in the Output section listing every time a rule applies, like this: Rewrite on output controls whether the rewrite rules should be reversed when writing the output lexicon. if a case distinction is maintained in some words and lost in others, it may spread The study of when sound changes occur in a particular place and in what order the changes happen. If you don't like that progression, try another one. fam(i)ly, mem(o)ry [medial vowels deleted]; 'populu > people [unstressed vowels other than 'a' deleted in Latin if greater than 2 syllables], deletion of initial sound (mostly vowels), apoteca (Latin) > bodega (Spanish) 'warehouse', skola (Latin) > eskola (Old French) 'school', insertion of consonant between consonants, husped > huspede (some Spanish dialects) 'guest', vowel lengthens to fill space from deletion, *ton > to: > tu (English evolution) 'tooth', /s/ or /z/ goes to /r/ usually between vowels or glides, *hauzjan > ho:ren > hieran (English evolution) 'hear', sounds change positions (sometimes sporatically), prbbli > prbli 'probably' (some English dialects), (term for dipthongization used in Germanic linguistics) *kald > ceald (Old English) 'cold', common changes are devoicing of stops or obstruents but sonorants or final vowels can also devoice, lupu > lobo 'wolf'; vi:ta > vida 'life" (Spanish evolution); can affect just stops, just fricatives, or all obstruents for example, nasals agree in place with following sound, velar or alveolar to palato-alveolar before/after /i/ or /j/ or before front vowels, consonants are palatalized upon a condition, susi > susji > susj (some Finnish dialects) 'wolf', auru- > oro (Latin to Spanish) 'gold'; some English dialects before /r/ like fa:r 'fire', ta:r 'tire', low or mid vowels raise to mid or high vowels, long or tense or word-final vowels frequently rise, high or mid vowels lowering to mid or low, vowels vowels frequently lower before uvular or pharyngeal consonants or a low vowel in the next syllable; nasalized vowels often lower, nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant, bon > bn > b (French) 'good'; common for nasalization to be followed by deletion of the nasal, single consonant changes to a doubled consonant, some Finnish dialects change VCV: to VCCV: as in pakoon > pakkoon 'into flight', sequence of two identical consonants is reduced to a single consonant, pekkatu- > pekado (Latin to Spanish) 'sin, misfortune', consonant (usually a stop or fricative) becomes an affricate, rapra > rara (Cuzco Quechua syllable-final stops) 'leaf, wing', in Mayan, vowels are lengthened before a consonant cluster which begins with a sonorant (l, r, m, n): kenq' > ke:nq', common word-finally, before consonant clusters, when unstressed; long vowels also often merge with short vowels. Examples: Input Words Sound Changes Output >> >> Load Input Words. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . Sound Change Applier - bloglang A line beginning with * At year 800, /ategutul/ started to change meaning a be a bit more specific (semantic narrowing). GitHub - alray2569/SoundChange: A sound change applier, for historical need it on those occasions when I want to do some conlanging, which I haven't had much time for recently. Of course the program knows [ejmbow], [kokoa]). This is an old version of Lexurgy. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. suppose you've defined The four non-lateral consonants ( [n] appears as a word final allophone of [], [p] is the most common realisation of the top right phoneme) And here are the vowels! This can be very useful to see what the effect of a changed rule is. To use command line parameters you have to have a command line. The episode are full of interesting and knowledgeable discussions which last around the hour. p/b/V_V The notation used is the same as in @Doorknob's answer above. Try creating a rule where /e/ only deletes in the second syllable and only if the first syllable is . I spent a good part of my day recently messing around with the zompist sound change applier . sound changes. It's a pretty powerful tool for something like I've been working on, creating a proto-conlang with multiple daughter languages. People will stop using one or the other word, replacing it with another construct. How do I set my page numbers to the same size through the whole document? A new article is published on the first of every month. The question concerns Sound Change Appliers (SCAs). C is any consonant. Save Input Words. Conlang: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 10 '06, 7:37) simply edit the source and output files with an editor, using that Stolen from this answer by sumelic on linguistics: There is searchable version of the Index Diachronica that allows to search for some sounds and explore postulated and observed changes of that sound. you might write. Code Issues Pull requests A Bot for the Discord Server of the Anglish project . > Regular expression syntax? ConLanging Resources - Google Docs Make your vowels become other vowels and keep me guessing. etc. define the variables to match how you've set up the .lex Try creating a rule where /e/ only deletes in the second syllable and only if the first syllable is high vowel + affricate. Just as a comment, umlaut and vowel harmony are really just subsets of assimilation. In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. What are the general categories of sound changes? How do you determine a New Letter's sound? However, it won't affect (say) achior, Did you accidentally erase all your work? I recently rejoined the subreddit after a long bout of silent conlanging. . You can use sounds to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang , or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. This is a Javascript program to help build phonological inventories. The extensions should be left off. In that case, make sure Rewrite on output is unchecked. Are there any SCAs beside RSCA that can reconstruct backwards? sca2 - sound change applier - Zompist.com Consider the word . Without this parameter, the output looks like this: Currently I have a completed phonology, most of the grammar, and I'm beginning the lexicon. Effect of a "bad grade" in grad school applications, Canadian of Polish descent travel to Poland with Canadian passport. SCA - Sound Change Applier. based on spellings or phonemes. For instance, suppose youve defined.
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